Which of the following is NOT a form of ADR?

Litigation is not a form of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). ADR refers to processes used to resolve disputes without resorting to traditional court litigation. These methods, including negotiation, mediation, and conciliation, focus on facilitating discussions and finding mutually agreeable solutions outside the courtroom.

In negotiation, the parties involved communicate directly with each other to reach an agreement, often without the assistance of third parties. Mediation involves a neutral third party who helps facilitate dialogue between disputing parties to help them find a resolution. Conciliation, similar to mediation, involves a third party who assists in resolving the dispute but may take a more active role in proposing solutions.

On the other hand, litigation is the process of resolving disputes through formal court procedures, which typically involves a judge or jury making a binding decision based on legal arguments and evidence. This fundamental distinction underscores why litigation does not fall under the umbrella of ADR, as it represents a more adversarial and formal means of dispute resolution.